Using arrow functions in D3 to simplify the syntax.

More about arrow functions on Mozilla.

Given this example:

elements.map(function(element) {
    return element.length;
});

This can be simplified to:

elements.map((element) => {
    return element.length;
});

If there is only one parameter and the only statement is return then it can be simplified to this:

elements.map(element => element.length);

Follow D3 Scales in a Bar Chart to review this code in detail.

This code was used to create the rectangles of the bar chart:

svg.selectAll("rect")
   .data(dataset)
   .enter()
   .append("rect")
   .attr("x", function(d, i) {
       return xScale(i);
   })
   .attr("y", function(d) {
       return yScale(d.population);
   })
   .attr("width", xScale.bandwidth())
   .attr("height", function(d) {
       return h - padding - yScale(d.population);
   })
   .attr("fill", "teal");

This can be refactored using arrow functions:

svg.selectAll("rect")
   .data(dataset)
   .enter()
   .append("rect")
   .attr("x", function(d, i) {
       return xScale(i);
   })
   .attr("y", d => yScale(d.population))
   .attr("width", xScale.bandwidth())
   .attr("height", d => h - padding - yScale(d.population))
   .attr("fill", "teal");